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Many regions of man-made landfill liquefied in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in the San Francisco Bay area. Shown is a collapsed building in the Marina district of San Francisco.
(Photo: U.S. Geological Survey)
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San Francisco City Hall after the famous 1906 earthquake.
(Photo: Karl V. Steinbrugge Collection, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, U.C. Berkeley)
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Although miles from the fault, many streets in San Francisco were rippled and torn by the 1906 earthquake.
(Photo: Karl V. Steinbrugge Collection, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, U.C. Berkeley)
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Damaged building and burned area in the Marina district following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.
(Photo: C. E. Meyer, U.S. Geological Survey)
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Severe structural damage from the 1999 Izmit earthquake in western Turkey on August 17, 1999.
(Photo: U.S. Geological Survey)
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A tremendous earthquake on November 1, 1755, in Lisbon, Portugal, leveled the city and generated a tsunami that affected the coasts of Portugal, Spain, North Africa, and the Caribbean. Color-coded, simulated arrival times (in hours) of the tsunami waves caused by the earthquake are shown.
(National Geophysical Data Center, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service)
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Global seismic hazard map: Seismic hazard is defined as the probable level of ground shaking associated with the recurrence of earthquakes.
(Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program)
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Seismogram showing the record made by a seismograph, an instrument that measures vibrations in the earth, especially earthquakes.
(U.S. Geological Survey)
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Aerial view of the San Andreas fault in the Carrizo Plain, Central California.
(U.S. Geological Survey)
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Fault: A normal fault drops rock on one side of the fault down relative to the other side.
(USDA Forest Service, Boise National Forest)
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An interferogram created using pairs of images taken by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to study the 1999 Izmit earthquake in western Turkey. Images were collected by the European Space Agency's Remote Sensing satellite (ERS-2) at two different times (before and after the earthquake) and were combined to measure surface deformation or changes that may have occurred during the time between data acquisition. Each of the color contours of the interferogram represents 28 mm (1.1 in.) of motion towards the satellite, or ~70 mm (2.8 in.) of horizontal motion. The North Anatolian fault that broke during the magnitude 7.6 Izmit earthquake moved more than 2.5 meters (8.2 feet) to produce the pattern measured by the interferogram. Thin red lines show the locations of fault breaks mapped on the surface. Thick black lines mark the fault rupture inferred from the SAR data.
(NASA)
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SAR interferogram showing the color band pattern around the Landers (California) fault line (superimposed). Each color cycle represents a rise in elevation of 2.8 cm (1.1 in.), indicating the upward movement of the surficial rocks on either side of the fault. The Landers earthquake occurred on June 28, 1992, in the Mojave Desert, northeast of Los Angeles, and registered a magnitude of 7.3.
(NASA)
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